COVID 19 Children

Literature Search Reference (July 2020)

Key Points

  • 1 – 5% of lab confirmed cases
    • <1 year – 15 percent
    • •1 to 4 years – 11 percent
    • •5 to 9 years – 15 percent
    • •10 to 14 years – 27 percent
    • •15 to 17 years – 32 percent
  • Transmission by children is uncommon
    • Less symptoms
    • Viral intervention
  • Hospitalization rate
    • 2%
    • Under 1% ICU

Clinical Manifestation

  • Age 0 through 9 years, the frequency of symptoms was as follows:
    • Fever, cough, or shortness of breath – 63 percent
    • Fever – 46 percent
    • Cough – 37 percent
    • Shortness of breath – 7 percent
    • Myalgia – 10 percent
    • Rhinorrhea – 13 percent
    • Headache – 15 percent
    • Nausea/vomiting – 10 percent
    • Abdominal pain – 7 percent
    • Diarrhea – 14 percent
    • Loss of smell or taste – 1 percent
  • Age 10 through 19 years, the frequency of symptoms was as follows:
    • Fever, cough, or shortness of breath – 60 percent
    • Fever – 35 percent
    • Cough – 41 percent
    • Shortness of breath – 16 percent
    • Myalgia – 30 percent
    • Rhinorrhea – 8 percent
    • Headache – 42 percent
    • Nausea/vomiting – 10 percent
    • Abdominal pain – 8 percent
    • Diarrhea – 14 percent
    • Loss of smell or taste – 10 percent

Co-morbidity associated with severe disease

  • Asthma
  • Congenital heart disease
  • Immuno-suppression

Multi-systemic Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)